Role of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in Making Healthy Cities—Case Delhi

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a strategy in urban planning that prioritizes the development of lively and pedestrian-friendly communities centered around transit stations. This paper examines the TOD policy implemented by the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) in Delhi, India, and how it is helping to achieve livable, inclusive, and environmentally friendly neighborhoods. The policy aims to address urban challenges such as rapid population growth, congestion, and inadequate infrastructure while promoting sustainable urban development. The TOD policy in Delhi, incorporated into the Master Plan for Delhi 2021, emphasizes the integration of land use and transportation planning. It designates transit-oriented zones (TOZs) along metro corridors, specifying guidelines for mixed-use development, pedestrian-friendly streets, and efficient land use. The policy aims to reduce traffic congestion, promote public transportation usage, improve air quality, and provide affordable housing options near transit stations. By implementing the TOD policy, Delhi aims to achieve several benefits. It encourages multi-modal integration, reducing CO2 emissions and improving air quality. It optimizes density and diversifies land uses, enhancing accessibility and productivity. The policy also generates economic activity, creates vibrant public spaces, and contributes to urban regeneration. Furthermore, it prioritizes the creation of green spaces, promoting physical and mental well-being among residents. Implementing TOD policy in Delhi can lead to a healthier and more sustainable urban environment. It offers better access to amenities, reduces pollution, promotes physical activity, enhances safety, and fosters a sense of community. By focusing on TOD principles, Delhi is taking steps toward creating livable, inclusive, and environmentally friendly neighborhoods centered around efficient public transportation systems.