Bio-inspired Nanomaterials in Cancer Theranostics

Cancer causes many fatalities worldwide. Non-traditional cancer treatments use nanotechnology to target and control drug release. Nanomedicine, a multidisciplinary field, may lead to new cancer diagnosis, therapy, and detection approaches. Nanoparticles (NPs) outperform small-molecule treatments due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, which allows them to enter live cells. Cancer treatments including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are hindered by cytotoxicity, lack of selectivity, and multiple drug resistance. Numerous methods use plants to produce nanoparticles. Because medicinal plants can treat cancer, plant-based nanoparticle studies must be thoroughly evaluated. Plant biomolecules, secondary metabolites, and coenzymes nanoparticle size metal ions. These nanoparticles may contain antioxidants and cancer-fighters. However, nanomaterials provide innovative cancer treatments beyond typical pharmaceutical delivery. Cancer treatment with nanoparticles (1–100 nm) has many benefits, including enhanced permeability and retention, lower toxicity, superior stability, accurate targeting, and biocompatibility. This chapter reviews numerous bio-inspired nanoparticles for cancer theranostics.