Introduction to Nanofabrication for Theranostics Application

Nanotheranostics is a treatment approach that integrates therapeutics and diagnostics using a single nanocarrier system. Its purpose is to monitor drug delivery, assess therapy response, and improve the drug efficacy and its safety. This novel fabrication in one system has garnered significant attention and has been acknowledged as a possible paradigm shift in addressing the limitations of traditional chemotherapy due to its ability to accomplish precise illness detection and treatment. Nanoparticulate systems are highly suitable for carrying theranostic agents due to their exceptional physicochemical properties. These properties include their nanoscale sizes, functional properties, extended blood circulation, ability to actively or passively target tumors, specific cellular uptake, and in certain cases, excellent optical properties that are ideal for simultaneous phototherapy and imaging. In general, the advancement of nanotechnology has made theranostics a tangible possibility, now undergoing the process of transitioning from laboratory research to practical use in medical settings. This chapter provides a concise overview of nanotheranostics, which is being explored as a promising technique for the treatment and diagnosis of several diseases.