Recent Development of Electrochemical Biosensor: Focused on Immunosensor and Aptasensor

The unique properties of certain biomaterials, such as antibodies and aptamers, are attracting attention in electrochemical biosensors because of their ability to diagnose the occurrence of diseases, viruses, and toxic chemicals. However, biomaterials used in biosensors are unstable and have a low signal-to-noise ratio, making it difficult to develop innovative and sophisticated measurements using only biomaterials for electrochemical biosensor development. Recently, to overcome the inherent limitations of biomaterials, nanomaterials have been introduced into electrochemical biosensors to enhance the functionality of biomaterials, leading to the development of highly innovative functional electrochemical biosensors. This chapter provides the comprehensive knowledge of electrochemical biosensor and nanomaterials, and discussed by categorized section as various types of biomaterials such as antibody- and aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor.