Border Effects and China’s Border Trade in the Context of Integration

The first sign of the border’s intermediary effects after China opened up its border areas is the development of border trade, which has contributed to the development of borderland economies. Border trade is closely related to the stage of regional economic integration and the openness of border areas. As China actively participates in international economic integration, particularly after its accession to the WTO, various problems have emerged in its border trade, including a low level of trade, conflicts between its border trade policy and WTO rules, and irregular trade regulation.