Border Effects and the Growth Mechanism of Peripheral Economic Growth Centers in Integration

Integration enhances the economic efficiency of integrated regions. In border areas participating in integration, the effects of borders change from barriers that hinder the movement of factors to intermediaries. In the opening up of China’s coastal areas, the intermediary effects of maritime borders are manifested in the inflow of capital, technology, and talent and the outflow of goods. At a certain level of institutional supply, cities such as Shenzhen and Shanghai have become export-oriented peripheral growth centers, which have spurred the development of surrounding areas.