Role of Grapefruit Seed and Its Secondary Metabolites in Prevention and Treatment of Carcinoma

Traditionally, grape is one of the most efficient medicinal plant species due to its diverse uses as grape juice, wine, and supplementary food products. Grape seed extract (GSE) and its secondary metabolites have shown anticancer activity in breast, lung, prostate, bladder, and colorectal cancers. Polyphenols are the chief active constituents of grape. In several in vitro and preclinical studies, polyphenols have shown significant promising anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive effects and their underlying mechanism have also been demonstrated. However, due to a lack of clinical trials or studies, these polyphenols are in the infancy stage. Consequently, more extensive studies are required for cancer of precise sites or organs with standardized grape seed extract and its products to establish the dose regimen and to conclude the bioactive pharmacologically achievable phytoconstituents.