Effective Treatment and Control of Anti-Proliferative Diseases with Orange and Kumquat Seeds: Description, Chemistry and Uses

Citrus fruits contain distinctive volatile substances, including sophisticated flavour ingredients. Taxonomically, the genera Fortunella and Citrus are closely related. Kumquats are a group of little fruit-bearing trees belonging to the Rutaceae genus of flowering plants. These fruits are typically used in traditional herbal medicine, particularly for colds and coughs. Citrus fruits contain a variety of essential nutrients, including vitamin C, vitamin A, different types of carotenes, and numerous phytochemicals that are not nutritional (diverse flavonoid classes, glucarates, coumarins, monoterpenes, triterpenes, and phenolic acids). Even though citrus contains some chemicals that are uncommon in other plants, such as hesperidin, naringin, tangeritin, limonene, quercetin, tangeretin, and nobiletin, these substances alone have also shown anticancer action against various cell lines. For the first time, the effects of citrus seed extracts on apoptosis and radical scavenging in human breast cancer (MCF-7) and non-malignant breast (MCF-12F) cells were examined. Kumquats are one of the citrus volatiles that researchers are focusing on for studies in chemotaxonomy, biochemical ecology, antibacterial activity, and anticancer efficacy.