Thermal cycling refers to the repeated heating and cooling of materials, which in the case of cement and concrete can lead to significant physical and chemical changes. The mechanism behind the impact of thermal cycling on concrete involves the differential expansion and contraction of the concrete’s components—cement paste and aggregates—which can induce stresses and microcracking. Over time, these microcracks can coalesce, leading to macroscopic damage and a reduction in the material’s mechanical properties and durability. This is particularly critical in environments with extreme temperature fluctuations, such as in desert climates or regions subject to severe winters.