Sulfate resistant cements (SRC) are specially formulated cements designed to withstand the deteriorative effects of sulfate ions, which are commonly found in soil and water. These cements are modified to contain lower levels of tricalcium aluminate (C 3A) and other aluminate phases, which are the components most susceptible to sulfate attack. Sulfate ions react with aluminates to form ettringite and gypsum, which cause expansion and cracking in standard Portland cements. By reducing the C 3A content, SRC reduces the formation of these expansive products, thus enhancing the durability of concrete structures in sulfate-rich environments. This modification is critical in areas prone to high sulfate exposure, such as marine environments, agricultural areas with high soil sulfate levels, and regions using sulfate-rich groundwater (Scrivener and Kirkpatrick 2008).