Alternative building materials are innovative solutions that aim to replace or complement traditional construction materials, primarily to enhance sustainability, efficiency, and durability in the building industry. These materials range from natural materials like bamboo and straw to industrial by-products such as fly ash and slag, as well as advanced composites like fiber-reinforced polymers and self-healing concretes. The push for alternative building materials is driven by the need to reduce the environmental impact of traditional construction practices, address resource scarcity, and improve the resilience of structures under severe environmental conditions such as high humidity, temperature extremes, and corrosive environments.