The pore structure of cement and concrete is a critical determinant of its mechanical properties, durability, and performance, particularly under severe environmental conditions. Pores in concrete are formed from the evaporation of mixing water and the chemical reactions during the hydration of cement. The size, distribution, and connectivity of these pores significantly affect the material’s permeability, strength, and resistance to deleterious substances such as chlorides and sulfates. A dense pore structure with fewer connected pores enhances the durability of concrete by limiting the penetration of water and aggressive chemicals that can cause corrosion and freeze-thaw damage. Conversely, a more open pore structure increases the risk of material degradation and reduces the lifespan of concrete structures. Managing the pore structure is thus crucial for optimizing concrete’s performance in harsh environments.