Mass concrete refers to large volumes of concrete used in structures where the dimensions are substantial enough to require special measures to control the heat generated by hydration. Common applications include dams, large foundations, and thick retaining walls. The primary concern with mass concrete is managing the temperature rise and the associated thermal stresses that could lead to cracking. This type of concrete is particularly vulnerable to severe environmental conditions, including extreme temperatures and moisture levels, which can exacerbate thermal stress and affect the long-term durability and structural integrity of the concrete.