Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) is a by-product of the iron-making process, highly valued in the cement and concrete industry as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). When iron ore is reduced to iron in the blast furnace, the resultant slag is rapidly cooled with water, producing a glassy, granular product that, once ground into a fine powder, exhibits cementitious properties. GGBFS is prized for its ability to significantly enhance the durability and strength of concrete while also reducing the environmental impact associated with traditional Portland cement production. The use of GGBFS in concrete not only conserves natural resources and reduces CO 2 emissions but also improves the final product’s resistance to sulfate attack, chloride penetration, and alkali-silica reaction, particularly crucial in severe environmental conditions.