Dynamic transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an advanced analytical technique used to study the microstructural changes in materials at ultra-high temporal and spatial resolutions. In the context of cement and concrete, Dynamic TEM allows for the real-time observation of hydration processes, phase transformations, and the development of microstructures under simulated environmental conditions. This technique is invaluable for understanding how cementitious materials behave under various stresses, including those induced by severe environmental factors such as temperature fluctuations, chemical exposure, and mechanical loads, thereby aiding in the development of more durable and resilient concrete formulations.