Deterioration in cement and concrete refers to the progressive degradation of material properties and structural integrity over time due to various environmental stressors. These stressors include chemical attacks, freeze-thaw cycles, alkali-silica reaction (ASR), carbonation, and physical wear. The deterioration of concrete significantly impacts its durability, safety, and longevity, making it a critical concern in civil engineering and construction industries, especially under severe conditions that accelerate these processes.