Acid attack on cement and concrete refers to the chemical degradation that occurs when acidic substances come into contact with concrete surfaces. Acids can originate from industrial processes, environmental pollution, and even biological sources. This degradation is a significant concern in the construction industry as it compromises the structural integrity and longevity of concrete structures. Acid attack results in the dissolution of the calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2) and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phases within the concrete matrix, leading to the loss of strength and durability. Understanding the mechanisms and impacts of acid attack is crucial for designing concrete mixtures and protective measures that can withstand acidic environments, ensuring the longevity and safety of infrastructure.