Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD) is a disorder of hepatic circulation caused by non-thrombotic stenosis of the central hepatic vein and sublobular veins. It has various causes, including chemotherapy or radiotherapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, liver transplantation, and the use of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing traditional Chinese medicines or wild plants (e.g., Panax quinquefolii). Clinical manifestations of HVOD include abdominal distension, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, ascites, and jaundice, and the pathology is characterized by dilatation of hepatic sinusoids, hepatic lobular venous intima-media thickening, and hepatocellular necrosis. Imaging examination is an important means of diagnosis: CT plain scan shows an enlarged liver with uniform density, and enhancement scan shows granular or geographic changes in the liver parenchyma in the venous and delayed phases, and the hepatic veins are not clear; MRI enhancement scan shows “geographic” enhancement of the liver parenchyma, and the wall of the gallbladder is significantly thickened; ultrasonography shows thickening of the wall of the hepatic veins; ultrasonography shows thickening of the hepatic vein wall, slowing of blood flow, edema of the gallbladder wall, splenomegaly, and ascites. HVOD needs to be differentiated from Budd-Chiari syndrome, which is characterized by stenosis/occlusion of the hepatic vein or inferior vena cava.