Kaposi’s sarcoma, a low-grade malignant mesenchymal tumor caused by the proliferation of abnormal vascular endothelial cells, is one of the common opportunistic tumors in patients with AIDS, and the liver is one of the commonly involved organs. Pathologically, the early morphology of KS resembles that of a common hemangioma, and as the disease progresses, the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts becomes active, ultimately leading to occlusion of the vascular lumen, necrosis, and fibrosis. Imaging examination shows that hepatic KS mostly manifests as multiple low-density nodules distributed along blood vessels on CT, with mild-to-moderate enhancement in arterial phase and weakened enhancement in portal and delayed phases on enhancement scans; on MRI, it shows low signal in T1WI and high signal in T2WI, with moderate enhancement in arterial phase and weakened enhancement in portal and equilibrium phases on enhancement scans. The diagnosis should be differentiated from liver metastases, primary hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatic lymphoma, and the confirmation of the diagnosis depends on ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy.

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AIDS-Related Kaposi’s Sarcoma of the Liver

  • Yibo Lu,
  • Zhiyan Lu,
  • Shixiong Yang,
  • Budong Chen

摘要

Kaposi’s sarcoma, a low-grade malignant mesenchymal tumor caused by the proliferation of abnormal vascular endothelial cells, is one of the common opportunistic tumors in patients with AIDS, and the liver is one of the commonly involved organs. Pathologically, the early morphology of KS resembles that of a common hemangioma, and as the disease progresses, the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts becomes active, ultimately leading to occlusion of the vascular lumen, necrosis, and fibrosis. Imaging examination shows that hepatic KS mostly manifests as multiple low-density nodules distributed along blood vessels on CT, with mild-to-moderate enhancement in arterial phase and weakened enhancement in portal and delayed phases on enhancement scans; on MRI, it shows low signal in T1WI and high signal in T2WI, with moderate enhancement in arterial phase and weakened enhancement in portal and equilibrium phases on enhancement scans. The diagnosis should be differentiated from liver metastases, primary hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatic lymphoma, and the confirmation of the diagnosis depends on ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy.