Passivity of Coupled Fractional-Order Neural Networks with Multiple State and Derivative Couplings

During the past two decades, the dynamical behaviors (e.g., passivity [1–13] and stability [14–18]) of neural networks (NNs) have been extensively explored, which is not only beneficial to better understand the dynamical characteristics of the NNs but also to make better use of these dynamical behaviors in many fields such as model identification, parallel computation and combinatorial optimization.