Karrikins and Their Role in Mitigating Nutrient Deficiency and Stress in Plants

Karrikins have recently gained recognition as essential players in plant growth and stress management, acting as vital signaling molecules akin to plant hormones. Their significance lies in their ability to facilitate seed germination and bolster plant development, even in the face of diverse environmental adversities. Current scientific investigations have delved into the intricate molecular pathways through which karrikins operate, shedding light on their profound impact on plant physiology and their role in helping plants adapt to changing environmental dynamics. This chapter provides an in-depth overview of karrikins, emphasizing their multifaceted contributions to plant physiology, with a focus on nutrient uptake, seed germination, and stress response mechanisms. Notably, karrikins exert a wide range of effects in the rhizosphere, influencing the development of both roots and shoots, regulating nutrient distribution, and modulating seed dormancy. Furthermore, parallels between karrikins and strigolactones are highlighted, showcasing their shared characteristics and potential synergistic applications in bolstering plant growth and resilience against environmental stressors. Looking ahead, future research endeavors aim to elucidate the intricate downstream signaling pathways of karrikins, to explore the role of post-translational modifications, and to unravel the genetic underpinnings of karrikin-mediated responses to environmental challenges. These prospective investigations hold promise in deepening our understanding of karrikin function and expanding their applications in sustainable agriculture. Ultimately, karrikins emerge as promising agents capable of addressing nutrient deficiencies and enhancing crop productivity in the context of shifting climatic conditions, paving the way for resilient and environmentally sustainable agricultural practices.