Assessing the Impact of Recent Climate Dynamics on Land Since the Last Two Decades (1991–2021) Using LST and NDVI

The present article explores the link between Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) of Dehradun. Over the past 20 years, the study involves the use of LST, NDVI, and remotely sensed temperature data collected by multiple Landsat satellite series (L5, L7, and L8) from 1991 to 2021. In order to compute the extent of healthy vegetation, shrub/grassland, and water/snow across time, the processed NDVI was classified. We examined the relationship between LST and the NDVI classes of healthy vegetation, shrubs and grasslands, and water and snow cover before and following the monsoon. The LST mean value has shown an increasing trend throughout the study. The correlation statistics indicate a negative correlation between Healthy Vegetation/Forest Area and the pre-monsoon LST mean value. During the pre-monsoon, the Water/Snow cover area also reveals a negative connection with the mean LST value. The shrub/grassland area, on the other hand, has shown a positive connection with the mean LST value both before and after the monsoon. This suggests that with the rising trend of LST entire the past 20 years, there has been a decline in areas that have healthy vegetation with an increase in shrubs. The region's increased urbanization, which has also contributed to the loss of healthy vegetation, may be the cause of the rising trend in LST measurements. To stop future harm to the region of healthy vegetation and unrestrained growth of shrubs, it is necessary to focus on the environmental component, perform an environmental risk assessment, and lay out a sustainable city development plan.