A Comparative Assessment of Organic and Inorganic Farming Impact on Land Surface Temperature From 1991 to 2021 in the Decade of Punjab and Uttarakhand

This research explores the land surface temperature dynamics in organic and inorganic farms within the Dehradun and Jalandhar study areas. Utilizing Landsat-5&7 satellite data spanning three decades, the study employs descriptive analyses and graphical representations to illustrate the temperature variations. The findings reveal distinct temperature patterns in both regions. In Dehradun, the land surface temperature of organic farms consistently exhibited lower values compared to inorganic farms from 1991 to 2021. Notably, a significant temperature increase was observed in March 2001, followed by a continuous rise in organic farm temperatures until March 2021. However, a notable decrease occurred after November 2021, with the overall field temperatures remaining relatively stable. The graphical representation of pre-post-monsoon decades showcases nuanced temperature trends, indicating a complex interplay between organic and inorganic farming practices. Similarly, in Jalandhar, the organic farm temperatures were generally comparable to inorganic farm temperatures in March 1991, but by March 2001, organic farm temperatures were lower. Notable temperature fluctuations occurred in September 2001 and March 2011, with the organic farm exhibiting lower minimum temperatures but similar maximum temperatures. Interestingly, November 2011 showed parity in land surface temperatures, with subsequent years displaying variations until a significant change in March 2022. The study underscores the importance of understanding land surface temperature dynamics in different farming systems and their response to climatic variations.