Introduction to Complex Brain Disorders, Currently Available Therapies, and Their Limitations

Complex brain disorders refer to a condition that affects brain’s structure, functions, or both, leading to severe abnormalities in individual’s ability to think, feel, or behave appropriately, as well as in their social well-being. Major etiological factors which contribute to the development of complex brain disorders are genetic predispositions, environmental influences, and neurobiological abnormalities. Generally, the complex brain disorder includes mental disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, tumor, neurodevelopmental disorders, stroke and vascular disorders, and neurological disorders. This chapter summarizes various treatment strategies for complex brain disorders and highlights the limitations of these strategies. The side effects associated with these medications often worsen the quality of life and enhance the socioeconomic burden on patients, which necessitates further studies to explore safer and effective management options for complex brain disorders.