Survey and Analysis of Intrusion Detection Frameworks for Cyber-Physical Systems: A Comprehensive Study

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) make a critical contribution in various domains, including smart grids, industrial control systems, and autonomous vehicles. This paper offers a thorough survey and analysis of various intrusion detection frameworks specifically designed for CPSs from 2023 to 2019. The study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the existing techniques, methodologies, and challenges associated with intrusion detection in CPS environments. This paper examines the key components and functionalities of intrusion detection frameworks, including data collection mechanisms, feature extraction techniques, and classification algorithms. This paper analyzes the impact of different design choices on the holistic effectiveness and proficiency of the frameworks. This study endeavors to aid scholars, system designers, and practitioners through a comprehensive summary of the latest frameworks for intrusion detection in CPSs. An ensemble-based framework for intrusion detection in CPS has also been proposed.