Components and Policies of Science, Technology, and Innovation System

Science enabled us to develop the techniques for sustainable development by focussing on five main components, namely, knowledge, skills and techniques, invention, understanding, and application. However, uncertain and serious disruptions like disasters can be copped doubtlessly only with technological innovations. Better understanding of research and development is the key component in developing innovative techniques for a better tomorrow. In this chapter, we will correlate the science, technology, and innovation (STI) by elaborating on the distinct components for the technological innovations, which are inevitable to achieve the goals of sustainability, inclusivity, and resilience in risk reduction. This further includes the discussion on the cross-incubation programmes, joint research programmes, sharing of work between collaborating agencies, extended network of science and innovation counsellors, technology institutions, and industry-academia collaborations. The efforts or activities like creation of social enterprises, improvement in the indigenous knowledge systems, etc., which are required to bridge the emerging academia-industry and technology-social impact gaps, will also form the subject matter of this endeavour.