Effects of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation on Human Health: Evidence for Revisiting Radiation Protection Policies

The impact of low-dose ionizing radiation exposures on human health has involved extensive debate over the past few decades. Despite accumulating evidence indicating the absence of observable adverse health effects at low doses and low-dose rates, the prevailing influence of the “Linear No-Threshold” hypothesis persists, dictating radiation protection principles and regulatory frameworks. This conservative approach overlooks the intricate biological processes transpiring within the human body. This comprehensive chapter consolidates current research, exploring the diverse biological pathways and repair mechanisms that hinder the development of adverse effects linked to low doses and low-dose rates of ionizing radiation. Acknowledging these intricate processes becomes imperative, prompting a reassessment of current radiation protection policies. The current stringent measures not only result in unwarranted economic losses but also contribute to a negative public perception of radiation. Considering the prosperity of evidence demonstrating the body's capacity to mitigate deleterious effects at low radiation levels, there is a compelling argument for revisiting and refining existing policies. An approach that is more refined and well balanced, grounded in a comprehensive understanding of biological responses, has the potential to promote both effective radiation protection and instill confidence among the public.