PI Based Secondary Control of Microgrids by Considering Communication Delays with Three Sources

The conventional power system can accommodate the incorporation of distributed generators(DGs) powered by renewable energy sources(RESs), thanks to contemporary power electronic technology. A micro grid (MG), which can function in islanded mode or grid-connected mode, is created by methodically combining DGs with energy storage systems. Significant challenges, including voltage and frequency volatility and the unreliability of RES, are posed by the intermittent character of RES and the fluctuating demand. Non-linear loads and unequal feeder impedances are regarded as current problems in micro grids and micro grid management. Droop control is one of the widely used strategies for sharing active and reactive power in micro grids (MGs). This method's drawback is that in steady state, the MG's frequency deviates from its nominal value and must be corrected using a secondary control system (SCS). In order to rectify the frequency, the signal acquired at the SCS's output is sent through a communication link to the MG's generating sources. The operation of the MG might be jeopardized if the SCS is not designed to account for the fact that communication lines are prone to time delays.