Cross-Medium Communication: Utilizing Relay to Achieve Air-Sea Cross-Medium Communication Technology and Applications

With the increasing demand for applications such as marine resource development, marine environmental exploration, and ocean cross-medium operations, the demand for interconnectivity in various physical environments is becoming increasingly high, especially for efficient interconnection between air and water environments. However, due to the different characteristics of air and water media, as well as the impact of harsh environments, smooth passage through the air-water interface faces significant difficulties. Currently, the most extensively used method in engineering is to use relays to achieve air surface and water interconnectivity. In this article, we investigated the current research on air-sea cross-medium relay communication and discussed future research directions. We hope to use this article to promote the research of air-sea cross- medium relay communication and achieve an efficient, high-speed, and robust air-sea cross- medium relay communication system.