Nanotechnology in Flame Retardancy of Textile

Nanotechnology has been at the forefront of innovation in the textile industry. The incorporation of nanomaterials into textile structures has provided a revolutionary approach to improving functional properties, including flame retardancy. This chapter critically reviews how nanomaterials are used in textiles to achieve flame-retardant properties, elaborating on their benefits over traditional flame-retardant finishes and the different methods of application to textile materials. A variety of nanostructures used to obtain flame-retardant textiles were explained, including oxide and hydroxide nanoparticles, natural-based nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, nanoclays, and POSS. Additionally, this discussion addresses various strategies for applying nanomaterials to textiles, such as layer-by-layer assembly, pad-dry-cure, in situ polymerization, and spray coating. Each method is analyzed with a focus on its strengths and drawbacks. Strategies to obtain inherent flame-retardant textile materials through polymeric structural modification (grafting) and incorporation of flame-retardant substances during polymer extrusion (melt blending) are also analyzed as well. The challenges of toxicity and environmental effects are also drawn attention to, highlighting the future potential of nanotechnology in the field of flame retardancy. This chapter provides state-of-the-art knowledge on nanotechnology in flame retardancy aimed at advancing the field of textile and materials science.