Biomass Conversion to Synthetic Aviation Fuels

Sustainable bioenergy alternatives are now available for the aviation sector to reduce excessive greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on traditional petroleum-based fuels. One of the practical options, in this case, might be the generation of renewable aviation fuel from a variety of resources, such as waste materials, lignocellulosic biomass, sugar and starch, and oil crops. Compared to conventional jet fuels, biomass-derived jet fuels have the potential to emit less greenhouse gases across their whole life cycle. There are a variety of techniques for transforming biomass into aviation fuels, each focusing on a specific kind of feedstock. To date, a variety of catalytic processes have been employed to produce bio-jet fuel from biomass-derived oils, alcohols, sugars, and syngas. The oil-to-jet (OTJ), particularly the hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA), gas-to-jet (GTJ), alcohol-to-jet (ATJ), sugar-to-jet (STJ) methods of the x-to-jet (XTJ) have drawn the greatest attention when it comes to producing bio-jet fuels from biomass-based feedstocks. In conclusion, this book chapter offers an in-depth investigation of potential substitute biomass feedstocks for the aviation sector, the various types of synthetic aviation fuels and their characteristics, and a detailed review of the most recent developments in producing these x-to-jet fuel production pathways.