Innovative Biosensors from Agro-Waste: Laser and Microwave Approaches for Current and Future Applications in Environmental Health

This chapter examines a novel application of laser and microwave technologies in developing biosensors fabricated from agro-waste by-products. Particular attention is paid to how they are now being utilized and how they can be employed in the future to improve environmental health. Biosensors are vital for detecting and quantifying environmental pollutants and toxins, allowing for more precise environmental monitoring and efficient resource allocation. There is a significant opening for eco-friendly biosensor production that uses agro-waste. Accurately modifying and incorporating agro-waste components into biosensor systems has increased sensitivity, selectivity, and sustainability, especially in employing lasers and microwaves in technology. An in-depth examination of the basic ideas and mechanisms behind laser and microwave-based biosensor fabrication is presented in this chapter. Moreover, the current uses of these biosensors in environmental health are explored. This chapter stresses the importance of integrating technology with sustainable practices to create high-tech biosensors that help make the world an improved environment.