Electroanalysis and Sensors for Biomedical and Clinical Applications

Biosensor is a biorecognition element device that measures biological reactions via physical and chemical sensing. Enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, proteins, receptor molecules, or any other intercellular agent that acts as an input, recognizes, and transfers signals and outputs them as digitalization, color, absorbance, or odor could be the biorecognition element. Biosensors play an unquestionable role in clinical and biomedical settings because they reduce diagnostic time, produce rapid results, are portable to any location where there is an emergence or natural disaster, are small in size, economically affordable, and have high sensitivity, specificity with a low detection limit. According to forecasts, clinical biosensors will be worth more than $36.7 billion by 2036, even though the biosensor function is prominent and enormous during covid-19. This chapter will focus on biosensors and their clinical applications.