Advanced Nanomaterials, Medical Materials, and Nanotechnology for the Improved Patient Care

This chapter is focusing on the recent advances in the field of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in satisfying the health-related and safety requirements of the human race in terms of diagnosis of various harmful and infectious diseases, and treatment of the diseases with highly sensitive and technically sound full equipment. Diseases will become deadly unless it is diagnosed at the earliest stage of their spread. In the olden days due to a lack of scientific approach and insufficient and untrained expertise, even the birth delivery for a woman was very worst in those days, and many were dead at the time of delivering babies. Superstitions and believing in unproved theories and stories lead the mankind in wrong way. Like the green revolution, innovations in science and technology created revolutionary impacts among the experts in the medical field as well as the researchers. Many findings reported on the application of nanotechnology and engineered nanomaterials in the field of medicine brought adverse effects in the point of view of correct diagnosis, treatment of diseases by utilizing the metal nanoparticles (NPs), metal-oxide composites, polymers, micelles, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), quantum dots (QDs), genetically modified liposomes, and its application in the bio-imaging techniques showcased its potential against various diseases. In this context, all those materials and their efficacy in dealing with patient care and improvement in health are discussed in detail. The deadliest diseases including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, brain-related diseases (neurological disorders), lung cancer, etc., and the advanced methodology in treating these diseases in the current scenario was disused in this chapter. Also, the advancements in diagnostic and bio-imaging techniques including a computed tomography (CT), computer-assisted diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), improvement in ultrasound scanning technology (UST), photo-ablation therapy (PAT), monotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), photoacoustic therapy (PAT), drug delivery utilizing nanotechnology, implementation of artificial intelligence in monitoring patients, manipulation of data and efficacy in the curing the diseases are discussed in detail. Hopefully, this chapter will provide the researchers and the readers to have a clear idea of the recent innovations in terms of improved facilities by the implication of nanomaterials cum technology toward the near future is fulfilled.