Therapeutic Approaches for Diabetes Mellitus by Using Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing health issue, all over the world (~8.5%) 422 million in 2014. Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels and is one of the top five causes of mortality. The main reason of hyperglycemia-induced diabetic problems is an increased level of oxidative stress and the low levels of metal ions, particularly zinc. Zinc (Zn) is a vital trace element that acts as homeostasis Process in the human body. Indeed, zinc an essential micronutrient is associated with more than 300 metalloenzymes, and it plays a crucial role in various biological processes involving glucose metabolism. There is a correlation between the levels of zinc and diabetes-related diseases. The herbal plant extracts have been used successfully in extracellular biosynthesis of metal oxides nanoparticles in therapeutic applications in diabetes. This chapter explained the role of zinc and zinc oxide nanoparticles in the management of diabetes. Moreover, the focus is on the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from various sources, zinc and diabetes, the pathophysiology of zinc and diabetes, the correlation between zinc, insulin, diabetes, and zinc in diabetes associated with diseased conditions.