Pioneering Role of Two-Dimensional Materials in Revolutionizing Biomedical Sensing

A lot of people are interested in functional nanomaterials because of their unique sensing and optoelectronic capabilities, biocompatibility, chemical and environmental stability, and controllable form across several research domains, particularly within the healthcare sector. Biosensors possessing exceptional sensitivity, specificity, and a minimal detection threshold, enabling the quantification of biomolecules at nano/picomolar concentrations, hold significant relevance in the realm of medical sciences and the healthcare sector. The emergence of 2D materials has significantly expedited the investigation into producing cost-effective electrode materials because of its distinctive physical characteristics, such as its notable specific surface area, exceptional carrier mobility, elevated electrical conductivity, flexibility, and optical transparency. The hydrophilicity of 2D nanosheets is significantly boosted by the presence of surface functional groups, which in turn enables the chemical modification necessary for the development of a variety of 2D-based composites. These composites exhibit heightened sensitivity, making them particularly suitable for biosensor applications. This chapter provides a summary of the advancements in cholesterol sensing using 2D materials, as well as their combinations with organic, inorganic, and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for prospective detection purposes.