Heat Transfer Temperature Correction for Vehicle Mounted and Grounded Mounted PV System: Determination of Heat Map of Power Generated and Efficiency by Means of Computational Fluid Dynamics

The STC of the PV module is: 1000 \({\text{W}}/{{\text{m}}}^{2}\) , 25 \(\mathrm{^\circ{\rm C} }\) , 1.5AM, but the temperature of the module during the actual operation of the system is: the temperature of the backsheet in summer can be more than 65 \(\mathrm{^\circ{\rm C} }\) , and the working temperature of the junction area can be more than 85 \(\mathrm{^\circ{\rm C} }\) at this time. The increase of temperature deteriorates the working environment of the cell, leading to the reduction of module output power, which also accelerates the aging of the encapsulation material. The aim of this work is to apply the heat transfer method to the temperature correction of vehicle-mounted and ground-mounted photovoltaic systems in order to improve the performance parameters of the system and to provide a stable output during operation. It was possible to determine the correction parameters of the photovoltaic modules being considered. The comparison between performance parameter measured on site and performance parameter declared by manufacture allows to detect decrease of performance and control the degradation of photovoltaic modules and strings. In the lab. PV modules typically convert only 4–17% of incoming solar radiation into electricity. As a result, more than half of the incident solar energy is converted to heat, raising the temperature of the PV module. The increase in module temperature reduces the electrical yield and efficiency of the module, as well as causing permanent structural damage to the module as a result of prolonged thermal stress (also known as thermal degradation of the module). Lowering the operating temperature of a PV module is an effective way of improving efficiency and slowing the rate of thermal degradation. As a result, in the current work, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic is able to generate a significant increase in power generation and efficiency due to the airflow generated by the vehicle taking away heat and thus reducing the temperature of the modules during operation.