Microalgal Biofuels in North America Advances and the Way Forward

Algae biomass has become an important raw material in the US for the production of third generation biofuels. US and Canada stand for the 30% of the world’s algae biofuel production. The objective of this chapter is to present an up-to-date review of major advances, challenges, and drivers for microalgae biofuels production in North America. Bioethanol and biodiesel are the main biofuels produced and marketed from microalgae in North America. Bioethanol from microalgae can be obtained by hydrolysis followed by fermentation, but also by “dark” fermentation, as well as by genetically engineered photofermentation, while biodiesel is obtained by transesterification of the extracted lipids. It can be concluded that the market potential, drivers, and opportunities for microalgae-derived bio-based products in North America are substantial. The advancements in technology, strategic initiatives, and favorable policies contribute to the growth and adoption of microalgae-based biofuels. However, addressing challenges in cultivation, production costs, and refining technologies will be key to unlocking the full potential of microalgae as a sustainable and renewable resource for energy, food, feed, and other valuable products. Continued research, innovation, and collaborations among industries, government organizations, and research institutes will pave the way for a thriving microalgae industry in the future.