Livelihood and Its Surrounding Environments in Rural Areas

This chapter focuses on livelihoodLivelihood and the surrounding environment in Central VietnamCentral Vietnam. BasedLivelihood on detailed fieldKyoto surveys, valuable insights areHue University provided, alongside proposals to improve the currentKinh conditions. The main topics are (1) transitions of fisheryFishery aquacultureAquaculture practices toward the naturalWater supply environment challenges of brackishBrackish ecosystemsEcosystem. (2) SpatialHue University and temporal changes in submerged aquatic vegetationKyoto ecosystems. This is assessed byHue University monitoringKyoto seagrass bedsSeagrass bed using satelliteSatellite data, and interviewing household members. (3) CroppingHue University systems in lowland sandy soilSandy soil, which is normally not suitable for agriculture, and linkages between cropping patternsCropping pattern and soilSoil properties, identified by through sampling soil in several coastal districts. (4) Rice cropping in saline soilsSaline soil and the challenges to increasing rice yieldRice yield and incomeIncome of farmers. (5) The characteristics of home gardensHome garden, such as mixed multi-layer cropping and the possibility of vanillaVanilla production to improve livelihoodLivelihood. (6) Historical changes in waste and wastewaterWastewater management methods, and flows in nitrogenNitrogen and phosphorusPhosphorus, evaluating the impacts of nutrient management on the environment. (7) Livelihood in an ethnic minorityEthnic minority called CotuCotu, which was closely associated with natural resources, and is now moving drastically toward mono-culture, specifically to acaciaAcacia forestry. (8) Challenges of dam-displaced communitiesDam-displaced community.