FSO and Optical Networks

This chapter explores the innovative developments in free-space optical (FSO) communication and its integration within optical networks. The chapter begins with an overview of FSO technology, detailing its principles and applications. The seamless integration of FSO and fiber networks is also discussed, emphasizing fault-protection structure to ensure robust and reliable communication, improve the network’s flexibility, address the last-mile connectivity challenge, provide high-speed data services to last-mile users, and cost-effective solutions for urban and remote areas. This chapter also explores the combination of optical sensor systems and optical communication systems using a shared integration of fiber and FSO channel to reduce cost, improve flexibility, and enhance the transmission link distance of optical networks. Additionally, presents techniques to enhance the performance and coverage range of FSO links such as bidirectional fiber/FSO, point-to-multipoint connection, multipoint-to-multipoint connection, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)-based FSO systems, and satellite-based FSO systems. An investigation of the challenges faced by FSO systems in optical networks is conducted, along with innovative solutions to overcome these challenges. Furthermore, the application of machine learning (ML) techniques for improving the performance of optical networks is discussed. It discusses how ML contributes to mitigating challenges, and improving overall reliability.