Advanced Monolithic and Heterogeneous Photonic Integration Technology

In this chapter, we discuss the concepts of monolithic photonic integrated circuits and heterogeneous integration. Furthermore, we discuss the monolithic and heterogeneous integration and implementation technologies for optical and radio wave convergence device fabrication using high-precision, ultracompact, and broadband wavelength-tunable lasers as examples of heterogeneous photonic integrated circuits. Section “Introduction” reviews the importance of photonic integrated circuits in communications networks in light of the social background. Section “Photonic Integrated Circuit and Photonic Integration Technology” reviews photonic integrated circuits and photonic integration technology with a focus on silicon photonics-based photonic integrated circuits. Section “Monolithic Photonic Integration Circuits” outlines the monolithic integration technology and mainly introduces the monolithic integration technology by the intermixing of the quantum structure and its application for the optical device. In section “Hybrid/Heterogeneous Photonic Integrated Circuits,” hybrid/heterogeneous photonic integrated circuits are discussed with a focus on photonic integrated circuits with a structure in which each chip of different materials are joined at their end facets, and the importance of heterogeneous material integration technology is mentioned. Section “Future Prospects for Photonic Integrations” concludes this chapter with a review of the future prospects of photonic integration.