TripleS: A Subsidy-Supported Storage for Electricity with Self-financing Management System

In this paper, we propose a Subsidy-Supported Storage (also called TripleS) to assist grid management. Q-learning algorithms first determine the origin subsidies, and the proposed self-financing mechanism then balances the expected costs and gains, and generates the final subsidies. During market equilibrium, energy storage is fully charged when there is excess electricity and discharged when there is insufficient electricity. The electricity market then calculates the cash flow of the subsidies, and the remaining cash is used to make up for the self-discharge loss of the storage units. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed TripleS in maintaining grid stability.