Robopill for Enhanced Drug L-Carnitine Delivery in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Use this template for your manuscript by typing in it and deleting irrelevant information. This guide has been prepared for authors of papers to be presented at the 17th International Heat Transfer Conference, IHTC-17 to be held in Cape Town, South Africa on 14–18 August 2023. Authors are requested to follow these guidelines to achieve uniformity in the presentation of the proceedings. The main format of the paper is as follows: Text: Times New Roman (or equivalent), 11 pt type size, left and right justified. Headings: Times New Roman, all caps, 12 pt. type size, centered. Page size A4 (210 × 297 mm); 25 mm borders (margins) all round, except for the first page. The abstract should be between 200 and 500 words and should include a short background, the problem statement, the purpose of the study, methodology that was followed and the most important results (qualitatively) and conclusions. Avoid abbreviations, equations, Greek symbols, diagrams, and references. It must be complete and understandable without reference to the text. Parenteral administration of these drugs is required since the gastrointestinal tract's degradative environment and poor absorption limit the oral drug distribution of proteins. Luminal mucus is one of the initial steric and dynamic obstacles to absorption. This article will cover the robopill, a robotic oral drug delivery capsule that enhances luminal mixing, eliminates localized mucus layer blockages, and topically delivers the drug payload throughout the small intestine to enhance drug absorption. The plicae circulares, villi, and mucus are removed and churned by the robopill’s internal motor and surface properties working together. l-carnitine treatment with robopill resulted in improved bioavailability that was 20–40 times larger than standard oral dosage in ex vivo and in vivo pig models. The therapeutic hypoglycemia brought on by insulin delivery via the robopill is further evidence of the robopill’s potential to permit oral administration of drugs that are often restricted by absorption constraints.