Drip Irrigation: Concept, Design, and IoT-Based Automation

Agriculture sector plays a vital role in Indian economy as it provides employment opportunities for more than 50% of Indian population there by boosts gross domestic product. The total arable land in India is almost half of the total geographical area which should be properly managed to meet the country’s food demand. Demand in crop production increases over the period due to increase in population and rapid urbanization. Uneven distribution of rain fall in India is one of the biggest challenges for agricultural production and consequences water crisis, ultimately larger area is left under drought. The area receives higher rainfall tend to practice surface irrigation method. The surface irrigation practices has many disadvantages like uneven distribution of water, weeds spread, minimum water application efficiency and minimum water use efficiency. Drip irrigation, fertigation and micro-irrigation are methods of watering crops that delivers water directly to the roots of plants through a network of tubes, pipes, and emitters. This precise delivery system conserves water by minimizing evaporation and runoff. It promotes healthier plants by maintaining consistent moisture levels in the soil, which can enhance crop yield and quality.