Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene and Its Derivatives: Applications in Biosensing and Bioimaging

Graphene and its derivatives exhibit advantageous features when employed as a biosensing platform and for bioimaging purposes. The unique physical attributes of graphene, including high thermal and electrical conductivity, a substantial surface area, distinctive optical properties, favorable biocompatibility, and facile functionalization, render it well-suited for a diverse range of biomedical applications, particularly in biosensing and drug delivery. Various nanostructures derived from graphene have been crafted and implemented in the development of diverse biosensors. This analysis delves into the merits of utilizing electrochemically exfoliated graphene, while also addressing current challenges. Furthermore, the chapter explores the application of electrochemically exfoliated graphene and its derivatives in the scope of bioimaging and biosensing. Owing to its wide applicability, the bulk and cost-effective synthesis of graphene is the current area of interest. Recently, the synthesis of graphene and its derivatives through exfoliation approaches from waste material has gained much attention due to its cost-effectiveness and ease of synthesis. In the chapter, we summarized recent discoveries, deliberated on existing challenges, and delineated future avenues for employing nanostructures based on graphene in biosensing and bioimaging applications. The preceding chapter delved into diverse applications of graphene and its derivatives within the realms of biosensing and bioimaging.