Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphene and Its Derivatives and Its Extended Applications in Therapeutics

Graphene possesses numerous exceptional and promising physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics, making it a compelling candidate for a wide array of therapeutic applications. These applications span from basic drug or gene delivery systems to a diverse platform of multiple therapeutic modalities, comprising tissue engineering and cancer therapies. Graphene is a valuable scaffold in tissue engineering and has potential in photomedicine for wound healing and cancer therapy due to its photosensitizing properties. Graphene and its derivatives are currently being tested as carriers of therapeutic agents for cells or tissues, both in vivo and in vitro. These nanocarriers can have therapeutic effects which are influenced by various microenvironments. These include elevated glutathione and acidic pH as endogenous stimuli, and ultrasonic or light signals as exogenous stimuli. Graphene-based materials have paved the way for drug delivery and tumour treatment therapies due to their unique features and responsiveness. This chapter highlights the properties and unique structure of graphene that make it ideal for therapeutics. It also embodies a better and clearer understanding of therapeutic covering drug delivery, tissue engineering, gene delivery, several cancer therapies photodynamic therapy (PDT), radiotherapy (RT), photothermal therapy (PTT), etc. In this emerging field, we have discussed the significant challenges that need to be addressed, and we have also talked about the future prospects that it holds.