Recent Advances in the Processing of Halloysite Nanotubes–Polymer Nanocomposites

Researchers and scientists are continuously starving for the discovery of novel, eco-friendly, and cost effective nanomaterials. Halloysite nanotube (HNT) is a recent nanomaterial that exhibits molecular structure and spatial layers, similar to those of carbon nanotube. The presence of various active functional groups on HNT structure has made it highly attractive for a number of applications, especially as a reinforcing agent. Hence, there has been substantial research and development on HNT-based polymer nanocomposites in the last few decades. Good dispersion of HNTs and their interaction with the polymeric matrix are the key requirements for high performance nanocomposites. This chapter gives an overview of the various HNT modifications towards enhancing its nanocomposites. Various covalent and non-covalent functionalization routes employed for the surface treatment of HNTs are discussed. Furthermore, different processing methods of HNT-based polymer nanocomposites, such as extrusion, solvent casting, solution polymerization, and layer-by-layer deposition are also covered.