Polymer Composites for Biomedical Applications

In order to replace or restore the function of damaged or degenerating organs or tissues, promote healing, enhance function, rectify abnormalities, and ultimately improve patient quality of life, medical practice today makes extensive use of biomaterials in the form of implants and devices. Clinical experience, however, makes it abundantly evident that not all readily available materials—commonly referred to as engineering biomaterials—are appropriate for use in biological contexts. Their processability, biocompatibility, and mechanical qualities are frequently subpar. Due to this, polymeric composites have recently received more interest as researchers look into their potential for use in biological applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, biosensors, bioimaging, antiviral and antibacterial agents, and more. The characteristics of polymeric composites, such as their elasticity, tensile strength, biocompatibility, conductivity, antibacterial activity, and non-cytotoxicity, are enhanced when they contain a combination of biostable and biocompatible polymers and biologically active nanofillers. In this chapter, we have emphasized the non-cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of various polymeric composite materials. Additionally, numerous polymer composite types being researched or currently in use for various biological purposes are discussed. This chapter also highlighted the critical issues and scientific challenges that still need to be overcome for polymer composite materials to be widely recognized in the biomedical industry.