Mode of Interactions Between Opportunistic Fungi, Nematode, and Other Soil Microbiota

The intricate and diverse interplay of opportunistic fungus, nematodes, and soil microbiota can be attributed to several variables including the particular fungal and nematode species involved, the richness and composition of the soil microbiota, and the surrounding environmental circumstances. The term “soil microbiota” describes the vast range of bacteria, fungus, and protozoa that live in soil. Opportunistic fungi are fungi that can cause disease in plants and animals when the host immune system is weakened or compromised. Nematodes are tiny, soil-dwelling round worms that can cause significant crop damage, while some are beneficial and can help control pest populations or contribute to nutrient cycling. Some opportunistic fungi and nematodes can have either antagonistic interaction, where they compete for resources and directly attack one another or synergistic interactions where they work together to cause intense plant diseases. This chapter summarizes the different genera of opportunistic fungi, their interaction with nematodes, and other soil microbiota in a nutshell.