Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm Approach for Water Management of Canal Command Area of Upper Ganga Canal

Commissioned way back in 1854–1855, the Upper Ganga Canal (UGC) with its branches is one of the oldest irrigation canal systems in India irrigates nearly 9000 km2 of fertile agricultural land covering ten districts of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. High variability in the soil of the UGC command area leads to diversification in the cropping pattern. The poor economic efficiency of the existing system is a major factor for improper utilization of available resources by existing cropping patterns. Therefore, in the current article to increase the efficiency of the existing system an algorithm Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO)-based approach is used which leads to the enhancement of net profit by 1.2% and 7.3% reduction in water consumption under optimal cropping pattern.